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Cleopatra's Needle weathering

Through the city’s study, we will learn more about the underlying causes and rates of weathering on the stone. The explanation must be sought much further back in history. Station 3: Chemical Weathering Directions 1. Thought you might enjoy that bit of info I have a background in egyptology and know the obelisks very well. This data will, hopefully, inform the plan for the obelisk’s preservation moving forward. Source: Description de l’ÉgypteAs Erhard Winkler set out to explain the heavy weathering of the New York obelisk, he took it for granted that it was in good shape before it left Egypt, like the London, and especially the Paris obelisks. Cleopatra’s Needle was erected by Thutmose III at Heliopolis in about 1,460 BC, later moved to Alexandria, and then to the USA. $4�%�&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz�������������������������������������������������������������������������� ? stream 8�ԫ,���|�Sޒ{. endobj %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz��������������������������������������������������������������������������� endobj It is concluded that the bulk of damage on the obelisk actually occurred in Egypt through rising moisture loaded with sulfate salts.

Probably citing a paper of Erhard Winkler from 1965, Fred Brauen writes that “the disastrous disintegration rate of granite in city atmosphere, as exemplified by Cleopatra’s Needle, is a myth”, adding “It is therefore hoped that the obelisk will be eliminated from textbooks of physical geology as a good example of weathering in cities”. It was secured in May 1877 by judge Elbert E. Farman, the United States Consul General at Cairo, as a gift from the Khedive for the United States remaining a friendly neutral as the European powers – France and Britain – maneuvered to secure political control of the Egyptian government. On your station booklet, describe how dissolving takes place on Cleopatra Cleopatra's needle is carved of granite and when exposed to constant freezing and thawing in severe climates such as most of Siberia experiences granite exhibits this type of weathering. Cleopatra’s Needle, in addition to being a wonderful piece of world heritage, is now taking on the role of environmental laboratory. The west and south faces of the monument seem to be the most weathered, perhaps because the majority of storms arrive in the city from these two directions.Cleopatra’s Needle, in addition to being a wonderful piece of world heritage, is now taking on the role of environmental laboratory. �� � w !1AQaq"2�B���� #3R�br� t�_��(�Õ=H��o�h��m8I�s�V�����'!�S�dz���K���s���������P�A�ۺ�aUv��� �Cؒ�n��*-N�c���t�cF�9�ud?K���!��g�z��u�8� Examples of press coverage (or just google “obelisk hawass”) New York Times: Known weathering rates of granites in different climates are compared with weathering damage on Cleopatra's Needle, an Egyptian obelisk in Central Park, New York City. Known weathering rates of granites in different climates are compared with weathering damage on Cleopatra's Needle, an Egyptian obelisk in Central Park, New York City. Sources: PPOC and Wikipedia (images enhanced)If Winkler had seen one of the earliest photos of the New York obelisk (The implications are obvious: Paraffin treatment is hardly a good explanation for the difference in weathering observed between the New York and London obelisks. It was erected in Central Park, west of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Manhattan, on January 22, 1881. The “sisters” of London and New York fared less easily; they were also quarried in Aswan, but both went to Heliopolis (Cairo) during the reign of Thutmose III, where they were probably tossed off their plinths during the Persian invasion, which destroyed the city (525 BCE).With the appearance of the Romans, many obelisks were moved to The Eternal City, but the “sisters” in Heliopolis only reached the coast of the Mediterranean at Alexandria (12 BCE).Until being relocated in 1880, the New York obelisk seems to have stood upright throughout the nearly 2000 years since the Roman period, but its London companion fell over at some stage after the 13th century, probably as a result of an earthquake (1301?

Source: PPOC“Cleopatra’s Needle” is not only one, but a collective, popular name of three New Kingdom obelisks that were transferred from Egypt to the western world during the colonial era of the 19th century. Known weathering rates of granites in different climates are compared with weathering damage on Cleopatra's Needle, an Egyptian obelisk in Central Park, New York City.

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Cleopatra's Needle weathering