compositional semantics ppt

/Trans << /S /R >> 45 0 obj << /Rect [275.979 0.996 282.953 10.461] >> endobj This means that given a surface structure and a lexicon, the semantics allows us to determine the truth-conditions of the structure. >> endobj 52 0 obj << We prove a theorem stating that any semantics can be encoded as a compositional semanties, which means that, essentially, the standard definition of compositionality is formally vacuous. /Type /Annot f Compositional Semantics. Associate a combination rule with each grammar rule: S : β(α)→NP : α VP : β (function application) VP : λx . been on vocabulary, but contemporary semantics is increasingly concerned with the analysis of sentence meaning, or al least of those aspects of sentenced meaning that cannot be predicted from 4/25/12. compositional Semantics and Pragmatics 5. /MediaBox [0 0 362.835 272.126] understand a sentence he/she hears for the first time. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> So we use certain words with very specific technical senses, and we use fonts to convey information. 46 0 obj << >> endobj /Rect [233.913 0.996 241.883 10.461] ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 2233d-NWE2N >> endobj 3 Key word sentences using “Who?” “is doing?” and “what?” questions to build the sentences. >> endobj We de ne a log-linear dis-tribution over DCS logical forms and estimate the parameters using a simple procedure that alternates between beam search and numerical optimization. /Type /Annot August 2014. >> endobj /Rect [239.891 0.996 249.853 10.461] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[1 0 0] We define a compositional semantics for conditional term rewriting systems which we show to be rich enough to capture computational properties related to the use of logical variables. /Rect [259.927 0.996 266.901 10.461] If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. 63 0 obj << CCG is one instantiation (Steedman, 2000), which is used by many semantic parsers, e.g., Zettlemoyer and Collins (2005). Lexical vs. Compositional Semantics LEXICAL man: 2-legged mammal, (relatively) hairless, male sex, dog: 4-legged mammal, hairy, canine, definitely loyal COMPOSITIONAL Dog bites man. >> endobj α(x) ∧β(x) →VP : α and : ∅ VP : β (intersection) Example: S NP VP Bob VP and sings VP dances bob λy.sings(y) λz.dances(z) 48 0 obj << /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] The dominant paradigm in compositional se-mantics is Montague semantics, which constructs lambda calculus forms in a bottom-up manner. /Type /Annot /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation2) >> Area : The major areas of compositional semantics are anomalies, idioms, ambiguities, and presuppositions. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. endstream The dog chased the cat = The cat was chased … 59 0 obj << /Type /Annot Dog bites man. /Subtype /Link /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] The general theory in compositional semantics: The meaning of a phrase is determined by combining the meanings of its subphrases, using rules which are driven by the syntactic structure. 1.6 Syntax and Semantics As the ambiguous examples above made clear, syntax affects interpretation because syntactic ambiguity leads to semantic ambiguity. Collocation, fixed expression and idiom Semantic change and etymology Polysemy Homonymy, homophones and homographs Lexicology and lexicography Thesauruses, libraries and Web portals Epistemology stream /Subtype /Link Click on the correct answer to progress to the next slide. /Subtype /Link You can change your ad preferences anytime. Nothing close to a complete compositional semantics for English is known; not least because nothing close to a complete meaning representation is known. Nó‹Aš¹Åë7ÒGù᪸—³ŞWr¼rH³wÒç:ë¿Ëípj„ö>¢@”^­×xPY¦-2’„Ë However, the logical forms there can become quite complex, and in the context of /D [43 0 R /XYZ 28.346 232.151 null] This book provides an introduction to compositional semantics and to the syntax/semantics interface. 71 0 obj << /Rect [280.96 0.996 287.934 10.461] >> endobj /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [346.052 0.996 354.022 10.461] The Principle of Semantic Compositionality (sometimes called ‘Frege's Principle’) is the principle that the meaning of a (syntactically complex) whole is a function only of the meanings of its (syntactic) parts together with the manner in which these parts were combined. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Rect [7.508 259.067 121.19 266.714] /Type /Annot >> endobj >> endobj ie, the whole does not equal the sum of the parts. There are many theses called ‘the principle ofcompositionality’. /Rect [339.078 0.996 348.045 10.461] >> endobj • The study of how meanings of small units. /Type /Annot >> endobj /Rect [285.942 0.996 292.916 10.461] /Subtype /Link /Subtype /Link What does TRUTH-CONDITIONAL SEMANTICS mean? /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation43) >> /ColorSpace 3 0 R /Pattern 2 0 R /ExtGState 1 0 R /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> L100: Lecture 7, Compositional semantics Typing in compositional semantics Typing I Semantic typing ensures that semantic expressions are consistent. /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> xÚÕXKoã6¾ûWğV¨Y>DŠì±Åv�EŠ"‰oÛ=¸²â°$Çìößw†IYV“Í£i²Àšâpæã¼I†‘5aäã„ F#‡ñ(ŒH-¨‘Šˆ\P.4Ù•äfry&ô¿�”+Òı(¡ÈnM†¤«1)mH÷cŒ:¡\¡Ğ|N„̨e–Hš™œõä�LθÉ$�¤5Š|%(b¨ĞÃhnsÆNš\J"€‰3…~½&“K”2é~læu;¡€n€—QÿĞÆÌZkH HHqÜ�À#©‚Qå†pMİj’ãÆQxO00õ½nû­qœÑ{œ2°’=İqšÚ\Z´��9-§T4@Ê`ä`O H*:å9ÇO.ÆH°)NŠónf¨f.D�»„àOàw¾‚!qdön›$Ò+ÄøİEÊÔ湆™uúa­±ÎóÑ«�ô¶]˜L1�)¼Æl`.RÎ{hÏŞ´O@ñ> The principle of compositionality states that in a meaningful sentence, if the lexical parts are taken out of the sentence, what remains will be the rules of composition. The dog chased the cat ≠ The cat chased the dog. • In generative grammar, a central principle of formal semantics is that the relation between syntax and semantics is compositional. mined from the lexical and compositional semantics of a sentence represented in a given logic. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[1 0 0] /Type /Annot ³ \dè3m´`\¦3-ã¼ _–I)áVÂ. e.g., chase0(dog0(k)) is ill-formed. /Subtype /Link We present a new notation for a sentential theory, and a unification grammar that builds logical forms in our notation. Overview. /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> /Rect [306.975 0.996 313.949 10.461] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] 13. semantics (synonym, antonym, homonym, hyponym, polyseme, idioms), No public clipboards found for this slide. /Rect [297.012 0.996 303.986 10.461] œI��¥XUW™í The Principle of Compositionality: The meaning of an expression is a function of the meanings of its parts and of the way they are syntactically combined. 69 0 obj << Build MR recursively bottom-up from the parse tree. /Subtype /Link /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] Compositional Semantics: Presupposition •A presupposes B when, to determine whether A is true or false, one must assume B is true. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Metalanguages and Notational Conventions We use language to talk about language, which can get messy. /Subtype /Link /Subtype/Link/A<> 107 0 obj << /Contents 67 0 R Most semantic theories presupposes Emily has been to … /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation3) >> the sum of the individual lexemes. /Subtype/Link/A<> /Rect [269.89 0.996 276.864 10.461] 70 0 obj << Build Sentences using Colourful Semantics to say what the people are doing in each leisure time activity. BASIC IDEAS IN SEMANTICS SEMANTICS is the study of MEANING in LANGUAGE. http://www.theaudiopedia.com What is TRUTH-CONDITIONAL SEMANTICS? (C)Themeaning of a complex expression is determined by its structure and themeanings of its constituents. - ppt video online download So, for semantics, there must also be finite means for specifying the meanings of the infinite set of sentences of any natural language. 62 0 obj << Definition of Compose( arg1, arg2 ) Compose( arg1, arg2 ) = For C OMPO MC: if (arg1 is a negator) then ¬ Polarity( arg2 ) (COMPOsition with Majority Class) else if (Polarity( arg1 ) == Polarity( arg2 )) then Polarity( arg1 ) else the majority polarity of data Compose( arg1, arg2 ) = For C OMPO PR: if (arg1 is a negator) then ¬ Polarity( arg2 ) (COMPOsition with PRiority) else Polarity( arg1 ) Table 2: Compositional inference rules motivated by compositional semantics. ISBN: 9780199677153. /Type /Annot /Parent 72 0 R /Type /Annot Price: £27.49. 57 0 obj << >> endobj /Rect [318.045 0.996 329.004 10.461] /Rect [290.923 0.996 297.897 10.461] The following can serve as a common referencepoint: 1. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] Digital Interactive PowerPoint presentation. /Type /Annot 448 pages Paperback 246x171mm In Stock. Take, for example, the sentence "Socrates was a man". Compositional Semantics. >> endobj /Rect [254.946 0.996 261.92 10.461] 64 0 obj << It deals with the meaning of words (Lexical semantics) and how meaning of sentences (compositional semantics) is derived from words. 54 0 obj << /Font << /F23 68 0 R >> 49 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> Emily never went to Philadelphia again. 47 0 obj << A central principle of formal semantics is that the relation between syntax and semantics is compositional. … 4/25/12 Lecture 21: Compositional Semantics Dan Klein – UC Berkeley Includes slides from Luke Zettlemoyer Truth-Conditional Semantics Linguistic expressions: ... Microsoft PowerPoint - SP10 cs288 lecture 21 -- compositional semantics.ppt [Compatibility Mode] presupposes Peter smoked before. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. >> endobj /Type /Annot formalisms, its semantics is compositional by design and is strongly typed, with semantic rules in one-to-one correspondence with the meaning-affecting rules of a Marcus parser. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> endobj >> endobj I Two basic types: I e is the type for entities in the model (such as k) I t is the type for truth values (i.e., either ‘true’ or ‘false’) >> endobj The study of semantics includes the study of how meaning is constructed, interpreted, clarified, obscured, illustrated, simplified negotiated, contradicted and paraphrased. Semantics ppt 1. /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation2) >> >> It deals with the meaning of words (lexical semantics) ... dog: 4-legged mammal, hairy, canine, definitely loyal. develop a new semantic formalism, dependency-based compositional semantics (DCS), which has favorable linguistic, statistical, and computational properties. /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation3) >> SEMANTICS Written by : Rachmad Azari 113.11.053 STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (STAIN) SALATIGA 2. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. /Type /Annot 56 0 obj << semantics to be compositional, or at least as compositional as possible. /Type /Annot >> endobj 60 0 obj << /Subtype /Link 43 0 obj << Generating Speech Recognition Grammars with Compositional Semantics from Unification Grammars ... Introduce a generic compositional semantics in state-of-the ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: e4554-ZDc1Z /Type /Annot /Subtype/Link/A<> 65 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode Compositional Semantics • Compositional semantics: to account for speakers’ knowledge of truth, entailment, and ambiguity, we must assume that grammar contains semantic rules for how to combine the meanings of words into meaningful phrases and sentences – The principle of … /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation43) >> Pauline Jacobson. /Type /Page /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> 50 0 obj << /Type /Annot In the syntax lectures, we used the example of a desk calculator, where the semantics of complex expressions can be calculated recursively from the semantics of simpler ones. /Subtype /Link /D [43 0 R /XYZ -28.346 0 null] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] >> endobj Oxford Textbooks in Linguistics. Compositional Semantics So now we have meanings for the words How do we know how to combine words? The grammar is implemented using the standard implementation of definite clause grammars in Prolog. /Rect [264.909 0.996 271.883 10.461] >> endobj 55 0 obj << 58 0 obj << >> endobj /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] >> endobj /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Rect [352.03 0.996 360.996 10.461] If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. 53 0 obj << 61 0 obj << NL MR Training Exs Semantic-Parser Learner Natural Language Meaning Rep Semantic Parser Compositional Semantics Approach to semantic analysis based on building up an MR compositionally based on the syntactic structure of a sentence. /Length 1094 /Subtype /Link 66 0 obj << It is rooted within the tradition of model theoretic semantics, and develops an explicit fragment of both the syntax and semantics of a rich portion of English. /Subtype /Link /Subtype /Link Lexical & Compositional Semantics – BROTHERFISH Lexical Semantics Chapter ppt video online download SEMANTICS (2) Dr. Ansa Hameed. Peter has quit smoking. 51 0 obj << The problem is that a compositional semantics cannot easily build the logical forms that the theory requires. /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> /Type /Annot Important variants of the compositionality principle will be presentedbelow in a form most similar to (C) to facilitate comparisons. Once the meaningful lexical items are taken away—"Socrates" and "man"—what is left is the pseudo-sentence, "S was a M". /Type /Annot [1]When formulating more precise versions it is crucial to keep thepre-theoretical intuitions that led many to accept compositionalityfirmly … /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Rect [311.956 0.996 318.93 10.461] /Resources 66 0 R Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. endobj /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation2) >> /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] An Introduction to the Syntax/Semantics Interface. /Subtype /Link /Rect [301.994 0.996 308.967 10.461] /Subtype/Link/A<> Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. /D [43 0 R /XYZ -28.346 0 null] COMPOSITIONAL. For this reason se-mantic rules must be sensitive to syntactic structure. The Montague semantic objects--functors and truth conditions--are replaced with elements of the frame language FRAIL. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] >> endobj /Subtype /Link /Type /Annot The study of meaning in language. >> endobj /Annots [ 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R ] /Type /Annot So, the semantics does not tell us what the truth-conditions of John hates Mary are in any direct way, but /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation2) >> >> endobj combine to form the meaning of larger units. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[1 0 0] /Rect [247.861 0.996 255.831 10.461] See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. /Rect [327.012 0.996 339.963 10.461] Lexical Semantics vs. Compositional Semantics. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[1 0 0]

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