decadent movement in italy

meant the 1870 war against Germanylost.

They worked together and met together for quite a while, as if they were part of the same movement.

As well as in the also French Pierre Loti and, accompanied by dandyism, in Jules Barbey d’Aurevilly, or in the English Richard Francis Burton, explorer and translator of a controversial version of The Thousand and One Nights.But the maximum expression of decadentism is the novel À rebours (Against the grain), written in 1884 by the Frenchman Joris-Karl Huysmans, who is considered one of the most rebellious and significant writers of the end of the century. The term decadence was introduced by the French poet Paul Verlaine. Many were associated with Symbolism, others with Aestheticism. Later Czech decadent Arthur Breisky has been quoted by scholars as speaking to both the importance of illusion and of beauty: “But isn’t it necessary to believe a beautiful mask more than reality?”Decadence, on the other hand, is an accumulation of signs or descriptions acting as detailed catalogs of human material riches as well as artifice. Maurice Barrès referred to this group as decadents, but he also referred to one of them (Stéphane Mallarmé) as a symbolist. The pursuit of these authors, according to Arthur Symons, was “a desperate endeavor to give sensation, to flash the impression of the moment, to preserve the very heat and motion of life,” and their achievement, as he saw it, was “to be a disembodied voice, and yet the voice of a human soul.”In his 1884 decadent novel À Rebours (English, Against Nature or Against the Grain), Joris-Karl Huysmans overthrew the past, subordinated nature to the human creative will, and suggested the primacy of, but inherent disillusion in, pleasure.

In Huysmans’ Against Nature, for instance, the main character Des Esseintes says of nature: “There is not one of her inventions, no matter how subtle or imposing it may be, which human genius cannot create… There can be no doubt about it: this eternal, driveling, old woman is no longer admired by true artists, and the moment has come to replace her by artifice.”Languages are imperfect because multiple; the supreme language is missing…no one can utter words which would bear the miraculous stamp of Truth Herself Incarnate…how impossible it is for language to express things…in the Poet’s hands…by the consistent virtue and necessity of an art which lives on fiction, it achieves its full efficacy.Moréas asserted in his manifesto on symbolism that words and images serve to dress the incomprehensible in such a way that it can be approached, if not understood.Decadence, on the other hand, sees no path to higher truth in words and images.

Apart from the thematic bracket of the interplay of lust for life and weariness, decadence poetry often works with the destruction of traditional narrative structures and replaces their coherence with a deliberately artificial totality, which is characterized by riddling of plot and figures, frequent (motif) repetitions as well as self-referentiality and one Dominates isolated (often optical) text details. The novel Fosca (1869) by Igino Ugo Tarchetti tells of a love triangle involving a codependent man, a married woman and an ugly, sick and vampire-like figure, the femme fatale Fosca.

The intellectual aestheticism of Pater (1839-1894), skeptical and the enemy of all affiliation and commitment, considers himself an early supporter of “availability” in the manner of André Gide, and plays with ideas as if they were crystal pearls without ever believing in they:We have been granted a certain interval of time, after which we will leave this earthly abode. He explicitly was interested in the Satanic, and he frequently sought to portray the double-threat of Satan and Woman.

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