quebec bridge disaster
This added difficulty to the fabrication of such unusually large members. American engineer Theodore Cooper was chosen to design it. Credit: Royal Commission (Québec Bridge) / Library and Archives Canada / C-057836. However, suspension bridge designs were allowed, providing they came with their own set of specifications. In its typical form cantilever arms projecting toward the center of the span from main piers are continuous with and counterbalanced by anchor arms extending between the main piers and anchor pier at each end. Still others drowned before the rescue boats could reach them. Listed below are some of the major findings (pp. The Quebec Bridge Company lacked funding to adequately perform testing.
Fireman DAVIS perished. The engineers on site argued among themselves as to the cause. With a site selected, bridge design proposals poured in (p. 26, Middleton, 2001).On June 16, 1897, the chief engineer of the Quebec Bridge Company wrote to a friend, who was also the president of the Phoenix Bridge Company (Holgate et al., 1908). After seeing the message, he arranged for a group meeting as soon as McLure arrived. However, some of the joints failed to close. Beauvais went down with the bridge but managed to wriggle free from the debris, escaping with a broken leg. Cantilever arms 177 m (581 ft) long support a 195 m (640 ft) central structure, for a total span of 549 m (1,801 ft), still the longest cantilever bridge span in the world. Cooper was also very poorly compensated for his work (Petroski, 1995, Middleton, 2001).McLure continued to argue that the bends in the members had occurred after they were installed. In addition, the Quebec Bridge Company was in favor of the Phoenix Bridge Company to win the tender (Tarkov, 1986). I have evolved another theory, which is a possible if not the probable one. They were then reviewed by Mr. Cooper. 34-35.Engineering Record (ER). The wreckage is shown in figure 3. At this point, they were permanently riveted in place. High above the St. Lawrence River, on a hot August day in 1907, a worker named Beauvais
When skilled ironworkers observed the growing deflections, indicating a gradual collapse of the structure, a confident site supervisor might have realized the gravity of the situation and halted construction. -- With the first break of dawn, half a dozen government and Quebec Bridge company tugs began a search of the St. Lawrence river for the victims of last night's catastrophe. Cooper chose the cantilever structure as the "best and cheapest plan" to span the broad St. Lawrence. �The Cause of the Quebec Bridge Failure�, (1907), Engineering Record, Vol. There was growing concern about the deflections. The terrific drop of the great steel structure from 180 feet above the surface of the river crushed the bodies of many of the workmen in a frightful manner and it is feared many of them never will be found.Many of the dead were Americans brought here by the Phoenix Bridge company of Phoenixville, Pa., which had the contract for the iron work on the bridge.Early this morning row boats were sent out to examine the superstructure showing above the water near the shore to ascertain if any of the workmen were imprisoned in the mass of twisted iron work. In Schneider�s opinion, �These members consist of four separate ribs, not particularly well developed as compression members, and their connections to each other are not of sufficient strength to make them act as a unit� (p. 97, Middleton, 2001). During testing, the lattice system failed explosively due to shearing of its rivets, immediately followed by buckling of the chord. Thirteen workers lost their lives in this accident. The piers were tapered 1 in 12 (1 in. In it he wrote, �The suggested action by Mr. Schreiber would place the business in a much worse condition than it was originally in.� He also wrote, �� it is simply being necessary to have Schreiber�s signature as a matter of form.� To further these implications, in a another letter from Deans to Cooper, he wrote, �I have written him again, (Schreiber) and urged him to stop entirely this proposed plan, and explaining that the sole purpose of the order in council was to give you the final authority to settle all details, the government approval being a mere formality, and in this way save time which was so valuable� (Holgate et al., 1908).No clear chain of command existed.
-- With the first break of dawn, half a dozen government and Quebec Bridge company tugs began a search of the St. Lawrence river for the victims of last night's catastrophe. When the miscalculation of the dead load was identified, the measures taken to re-analyze the structure were not adequate. Work continued on the bridge.
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quebec bridge disaster