compositional semantics ppt

The dominant paradigm in compositional se-mantics is Montague semantics, which constructs lambda calculus forms in a bottom-up manner. So, for semantics, there must also be finite means for specifying the meanings of the infinite set of sentences of any natural language. e.g., chase0(dog0(k)) is ill-formed. >> endobj An Introduction to the Syntax/Semantics Interface. /Rect [318.045 0.996 329.004 10.461] It is rooted within the tradition of model theoretic semantics, and develops an explicit fragment of both the syntax and semantics of a rich portion of English. CCG is one instantiation (Steedman, 2000), which is used by many semantic parsers, e.g., Zettlemoyer and Collins (2005). /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] presupposes Emily has been to … /Rect [269.89 0.996 276.864 10.461] … [1]When formulating more precise versions it is crucial to keep thepre-theoretical intuitions that led many to accept compositionalityfirmly … /Rect [7.508 259.067 121.19 266.714] xÚÕXKoã6¾ûWğV¨Y>DŠì±Åv�EŠ"‰oÛ=¸²â°$Çìößw†IYV“Í£i²Àšâpæã¼I†‘5aäã„ F#‡ñ(ŒH-¨‘Šˆ\P.4Ù•äfry&ô¿�”+Òı(¡ÈnM†¤«1)mH÷cŒ:¡\¡Ğ|N„̨e–Hš™œõä�LθÉ$�¤5Š|%(b¨ĞÃhnsÆNš\J"€‰3…~½&“K”2é~læu;¡€n€—QÿĞÆÌZkH HHqÜ�À#©‚Qå†pMİj’ãÆQxO00õ½nû­qœÑ{œ2°’=İqšÚ\Z´��9-§T4@Ê`ä`O H*:å9ÇO.ÆH°)NŠónf¨f.D�»„àOàw¾‚!qdön›$Ò+ÄøİEÊÔ湆™uúa­±ÎóÑ«�ô¶]˜L1�)¼Æl`.RÎ{hÏŞ´O@ñ> 55 0 obj << /Resources 66 0 R /Rect [290.923 0.996 297.897 10.461] This means that given a surface structure and a lexicon, the semantics allows us to determine the truth-conditions of the structure. /Subtype /Link The Principle of Compositionality: The meaning of an expression is a function of the meanings of its parts and of the way they are syntactically combined. Price: £27.49. Once the meaningful lexical items are taken away—"Socrates" and "man"—what is left is the pseudo-sentence, "S was a M". Area : The major areas of compositional semantics are anomalies, idioms, ambiguities, and presuppositions. /Type /Annot /Type /Annot understand a sentence he/she hears for the first time. /Type /Annot /Rect [259.927 0.996 266.901 10.461] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Type /Annot Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. /Rect [280.96 0.996 287.934 10.461] mined from the lexical and compositional semantics of a sentence represented in a given logic. The problem is that a compositional semantics cannot easily build the logical forms that the theory requires. It deals with the meaning of words (Lexical semantics) and how meaning of sentences (compositional semantics) is derived from words. The Principle of Semantic Compositionality (sometimes called ‘Frege's Principle’) is the principle that the meaning of a (syntactically complex) whole is a function only of the meanings of its (syntactic) parts together with the manner in which these parts were combined. Semantics ppt 1. f Compositional Semantics. The principle of compositionality states that in a meaningful sentence, if the lexical parts are taken out of the sentence, what remains will be the rules of composition. /Type /Annot the sum of the individual lexemes. /Subtype/Link/A<> 43 0 obj << Nothing close to a complete compositional semantics for English is known; not least because nothing close to a complete meaning representation is known. There are many theses called ‘the principle ofcompositionality’. /Subtype /Link 49 0 obj << The dog chased the cat ≠ The cat chased the dog. Compositional Semantics • Compositional semantics: to account for speakers’ knowledge of truth, entailment, and ambiguity, we must assume that grammar contains semantic rules for how to combine the meanings of words into meaningful phrases and sentences – The principle of … /Subtype /Link The study of meaning in language. BASIC IDEAS IN SEMANTICS SEMANTICS is the study of MEANING in LANGUAGE. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. /Type /Annot /Type /Annot /Annots [ 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R ] /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation3) >> 51 0 obj << /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> presupposes Peter smoked before. /Type /Annot /Subtype/Link/A<> /Type /Annot We prove a theorem stating that any semantics can be encoded as a compositional semanties, which means that, essentially, the standard definition of compositionality is formally vacuous. Lecture 21: Compositional Semantics Dan Klein – UC Berkeley Includes slides from Luke Zettlemoyer Truth-Conditional Semantics Linguistic expressions: ... Microsoft PowerPoint - SP10 cs288 lecture 21 -- compositional semantics.ppt [Compatibility Mode] /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation2) >> /Subtype /Link /Type /Annot /Subtype/Link/A<> 50 0 obj << Lexical vs. Compositional Semantics LEXICAL man: 2-legged mammal, (relatively) hairless, male sex, dog: 4-legged mammal, hairy, canine, definitely loyal COMPOSITIONAL Dog bites man. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] 53 0 obj << SEMANTICS Written by : Rachmad Azari 113.11.053 STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (STAIN) SALATIGA 2. For this reason se-mantic rules must be sensitive to syntactic structure. So we use certain words with very specific technical senses, and we use fonts to convey information. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Type /Annot /Rect [247.861 0.996 255.831 10.461] 61 0 obj << Most semantic theories >> endobj Metalanguages and Notational Conventions We use language to talk about language, which can get messy. >> endobj 107 0 obj << /Type /Annot 69 0 obj << /Rect [306.975 0.996 313.949 10.461] /Type /Annot Associate a combination rule with each grammar rule: S : β(α)→NP : α VP : β (function application) VP : λx . /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation43) >> 448 pages Paperback 246x171mm In Stock. Important variants of the compositionality principle will be presentedbelow in a form most similar to (C) to facilitate comparisons. endobj /Subtype /Link 63 0 obj << Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. • The study of how meanings of small units. >> endobj >> endobj been on vocabulary, but contemporary semantics is increasingly concerned with the analysis of sentence meaning, or al least of those aspects of sentenced meaning that cannot be predicted from 4/25/12. combine to form the meaning of larger units. 45 0 obj << This book provides an introduction to compositional semantics and to the syntax/semantics interface. /Type /Annot /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation3) >> /Rect [275.979 0.996 282.953 10.461] 60 0 obj << Compositional Semantics So now we have meanings for the words How do we know how to combine words? The dog chased the cat = The cat was chased … /D [43 0 R /XYZ -28.346 0 null] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[1 0 0] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] Build MR recursively bottom-up from the parse tree. >> Lexical Semantics vs. Compositional Semantics. /Rect [352.03 0.996 360.996 10.461] 66 0 obj << >> endobj Dog bites man. Digital Interactive PowerPoint presentation. /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> In the syntax lectures, we used the example of a desk calculator, where the semantics of complex expressions can be calculated recursively from the semantics of simpler ones. endstream Take, for example, the sentence "Socrates was a man". /Trans << /S /R >> /Rect [301.994 0.996 308.967 10.461] The grammar is implemented using the standard implementation of definite clause grammars in Prolog. Collocation, fixed expression and idiom Semantic change and etymology Polysemy Homonymy, homophones and homographs Lexicology and lexicography Thesauruses, libraries and Web portals Epistemology >> endobj 58 0 obj << /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> /Subtype /Link >> endobj /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> 71 0 obj << /Subtype/Link/A<> >> endobj The Montague semantic objects--functors and truth conditions--are replaced with elements of the frame language FRAIL. Generating Speech Recognition Grammars with Compositional Semantics from Unification Grammars ... Introduce a generic compositional semantics in state-of-the ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: e4554-ZDc1Z The general theory in compositional semantics: The meaning of a phrase is determined by combining the meanings of its subphrases, using rules which are driven by the syntactic structure. /Subtype /Link >> endobj 62 0 obj << Overview. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. >> endobj Peter has quit smoking. NL MR Training Exs Semantic-Parser Learner Natural Language Meaning Rep Semantic Parser Compositional Semantics Approach to semantic analysis based on building up an MR compositionally based on the syntactic structure of a sentence. œI��¥XUW™í 46 0 obj << We present a new notation for a sentential theory, and a unification grammar that builds logical forms in our notation. /MediaBox [0 0 362.835 272.126] /D [43 0 R /XYZ 28.346 232.151 null] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Type /Annot If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. /Type /Annot 47 0 obj << /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation43) >> /Rect [327.012 0.996 339.963 10.461] /Rect [254.946 0.996 261.92 10.461] http://www.theaudiopedia.com What is TRUTH-CONDITIONAL SEMANTICS? /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] Lexical & Compositional Semantics – BROTHERFISH Lexical Semantics Chapter ppt video online download SEMANTICS (2) Dr. Ansa Hameed. /D [43 0 R /XYZ -28.346 0 null] /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] Click on the correct answer to progress to the next slide. ie, the whole does not equal the sum of the parts. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] Build Sentences using Colourful Semantics to say what the people are doing in each leisure time activity. (C)Themeaning of a complex expression is determined by its structure and themeanings of its constituents. The following can serve as a common referencepoint: 1. >> endobj /Subtype /Link What does TRUTH-CONDITIONAL SEMANTICS mean? - ppt video online download ISBN: 9780199677153. /Type /Annot However, the logical forms there can become quite complex, and in the context of /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation2) >> /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] >> endobj ³ \dè3m´`\¦3-ã¼ _–I)áVÂ. • In generative grammar, a central principle of formal semantics is that the relation between syntax and semantics is compositional. L100: Lecture 7, Compositional semantics Typing in compositional semantics Typing I Semantic typing ensures that semantic expressions are consistent. Oxford Textbooks in Linguistics. >> endobj >> endobj >> endobj Pauline Jacobson. /Subtype /Link /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> >> endobj >> endobj 3 Key word sentences using “Who?” “is doing?” and “what?” questions to build the sentences. /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /ColorSpace 3 0 R /Pattern 2 0 R /ExtGState 1 0 R /Type /Annot August 2014. We de ne a log-linear dis-tribution over DCS logical forms and estimate the parameters using a simple procedure that alternates between beam search and numerical optimization. develop a new semantic formalism, dependency-based compositional semantics (DCS), which has favorable linguistic, statistical, and computational properties. /Rect [239.891 0.996 249.853 10.461] >> endobj /Rect [264.909 0.996 271.883 10.461] I Two basic types: I e is the type for entities in the model (such as k) I t is the type for truth values (i.e., either ‘true’ or ‘false’) /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Parent 72 0 R We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. 13. semantics (synonym, antonym, homonym, hyponym, polyseme, idioms), No public clipboards found for this slide. Compositional Semantics. /Type /Page 54 0 obj << ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 2233d-NWE2N >> endobj >> endobj >> endobj 65 0 obj << /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Rect [297.012 0.996 303.986 10.461] The study of semantics includes the study of how meaning is constructed, interpreted, clarified, obscured, illustrated, simplified negotiated, contradicted and paraphrased. /Subtype /Link /Type /Annot 1.6 Syntax and Semantics As the ambiguous examples above made clear, syntax affects interpretation because syntactic ambiguity leads to semantic ambiguity. 56 0 obj << /Rect [339.078 0.996 348.045 10.461] compositional Semantics and Pragmatics 5. /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation2) >> /Subtype /Link Nó‹Aš¹Åë7ÒGù᪸—³ŞWr¼rH³wÒç:ë¿Ëípj„ö>¢@”^­×xPY¦-2’„Ë /Rect [311.956 0.996 318.93 10.461] /Subtype /Link A central principle of formal semantics is that the relation between syntax and semantics is compositional. Emily never went to Philadelphia again. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[1 0 0] /Rect [285.942 0.996 292.916 10.461] α(x) ∧β(x) →VP : α and : ∅ VP : β (intersection) Example: S NP VP Bob VP and sings VP dances bob λy.sings(y) λz.dances(z) 70 0 obj << /Font << /F23 68 0 R >> semantics to be compositional, or at least as compositional as possible. /Length 1094 Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. 57 0 obj << 64 0 obj << formalisms, its semantics is compositional by design and is strongly typed, with semantic rules in one-to-one correspondence with the meaning-affecting rules of a Marcus parser. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] COMPOSITIONAL. /Subtype /Link /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation2) >> 48 0 obj << /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] 59 0 obj << It deals with the meaning of words (lexical semantics) ... dog: 4-legged mammal, hairy, canine, definitely loyal. >> endobj /Rect [233.913 0.996 241.883 10.461] /Subtype /Link /A << /S /GoTo /D (Navigation1) >> >> endobj /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] >> endobj 52 0 obj << /Subtype /Link We define a compositional semantics for conditional term rewriting systems which we show to be rich enough to capture computational properties related to the use of logical variables. /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[1 0 0] stream /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[.5 .5 .5] /Rect [346.052 0.996 354.022 10.461] 4/25/12 Compositional Semantics: Presupposition •A presupposes B when, to determine whether A is true or false, one must assume B is true. >> endobj /Subtype /Link /Contents 67 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode So, the semantics does not tell us what the truth-conditions of John hates Mary are in any direct way, but You can change your ad preferences anytime. /Type /Annot /Border[0 0 0]/H/N/C[1 0 0] Definition of Compose( arg1, arg2 ) Compose( arg1, arg2 ) = For C OMPO MC: if (arg1 is a negator) then ¬ Polarity( arg2 ) (COMPOsition with Majority Class) else if (Polarity( arg1 ) == Polarity( arg2 )) then Polarity( arg1 ) else the majority polarity of data Compose( arg1, arg2 ) = For C OMPO PR: if (arg1 is a negator) then ¬ Polarity( arg2 ) (COMPOsition with PRiority) else Polarity( arg1 ) Table 2: Compositional inference rules motivated by compositional semantics.

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